Module 3 and Journal Article Review 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 3 and Journal Article Review 3 - Essay Example The aging population of Germany, Romania and Sweden causes economic and social stir while each country has their own face of the problem and significant ways on solving it. Germany, Romania and Sweden share a common problem: a rapidly increasing aging population and its implications on the economic and social sector of their respective communities. However, they differ from the kind of effect this problem has done and the approach to meet the rising demand of the elderly care. Germany, as the most populous country in the European Union ironically faces a problem of birth rate decline and higher life expectancies (Weaver, n.d.a). In response, the country strengthened the rules on elderly care with the aim of providing the elderly a high quality of life. The extensive German healthcare systems provide a successful implementation of the German health care for the elderly laws. In fact, the German welfare system is one of Europe’s most comprehensive (Weaver, n.d.a). The countryâ⠂¬â„¢s increasing aging population is projected to have an effect on the country’s economy with a direct impact on the supply of human resource. Germany’s rules are comparable to that of the Sweden. ... nt concerns the disproportionate ratio between the pensioners and the total working force; the pensioners are 6 million while there are only â€Å"4.5 million who are actively employed. This is not just a major economic burden but also has subsequent social impact. If this trend would continue for several years more, the working population would be burdened with taxes. Consequently, the effect is a possible discrimination against the elderly as impotent and costly sector of the community. While Germany and Sweden aim for a high quality of life for its elders, Romania is on a struggle of compensating the needs of their aging population. The two countries mentioned may be fortunate than Romania but their effects would not be least destructing as it would still affect the future workforce. The most probable solution is the import of human resource from less developed countries. Journal Review 3 Germany: Family diversity with low actual and desired fertility--analysis An alarmingly low fertility rate is a demographic holocaust suffered by most developing countries nowadays. In the European nations, Germany is one of the countries to experience this kind of demographic problem and has anticipated adverse effects on the economy despite of its economic achievements. Two contrasting events suffer the demographic situation of modern Germany: first, is the baby boom in the 1960’s and the decline of birth rates in the succeeding decades. Germany is currently facing a challenge on the increasing ageing population with direct effects â€Å"giving rise to a threat to the social security systems† (Dorbritz, 2008). In the article by Jurgen Dorbitz, the writer explores on the core cause of Germany’s ageing population, its reasons and effects on the future of German Economy. Summary

Should the primary objective of management be to increase the wealth Essay

Should the primary objective of management be to increase the wealth of shareholders and owners - Essay Example They have failed to fulfill their duty and have wasted the money and confidence of the people they are supposed to be protecting - the shareholders. In this regard, Friedman (1970) suggested that if managers want to fulfill their acts of charity, it should be done within their own personal capacities and not within the purview of their functions as managers of corporations. Friedman’s view has been highly cited and criticized (Wilcke 2004). In effect, this position has been reaffirmed, denied and valued as incomplete. Jensen (2002) asserts the notion that managers cannot fulfill the interest of various groups claiming to be affected by the actions of the organizations. The multifarious nature of the many stakeholders of the organization highlights the impossibility of responding to it. As such, Jensen (2002) maintains that the primary obligation of managers is to strengthen the fiduciary interest of shareholders. On the other hand, Tencati and Zolsnai (2009) ascertain that the responsibility of managers is not only towards the shareholders, but also to other identified stakeholders. This is because organizations are social actors. Their actions affect and influence the dynamics and life of people, communities and the whole society. As such, they cannot renege from their responsibility towards others (Tencati and Zolsnai 2009). Meanwhile, there are scholars who are also claiming that the responsibility of managers is striking the balance among competing interests in the corporation (Hemingway 2002). In the face of the contradicting positions pertinent to the primary obligations of the manager, this study will look into the question should the primary objective of managers be to increase the wealth of shareholders and owners? The complexity of the issue and the importance of the question are affirmed by the continuing debate relevant to the primary objective of managers. In this regard, this paper intends to show that there is no dichotomy between pursuing the fiduciary gains of the shareholders and fulfilling stakeholders’ interests. In addition, selecting one over the other is a misappropriation of the current business environment. Moreover, the paper intends to identify the factors that contribute to the apparent ambiguity of the issue. Finally, this paper aims to provide possible ways wherein the ambiguity of the issue may be resolved. 2. The Position In this paper, the researcher will argue that the primary objective of managers is to increase the wealth of shareholders and owners and at the same time fulfill the interests of the identified stakeholders of the company. This claim denies the validity of the idea that there is a dichotomy between shareholders’ interests and stakeholders’ interests. Thus, the manager is in a dilemma and is constrained in choosing one over the other. In other words, profit and corporate social responsibility, which connotes the idea that organization, are responsible to the econ omic, physical and human resources that they employ as they steer the organization towards success (Lantos 2002), should be jointly pursued as primary objectives of management. It reaffirms the notion that (1) in view of the good of the company, both shareholders’ interests and stakeholders’ interests are coeval in importance. (2) It holds that limiting the objective of managers to increasing the wealth of shareholders and owners is a false dilemma. (3) Current business environment demands that both shareholders and stakeholders interest be fulfilled. When Friedman (1970) affirms the primacy of shareholders’ interests as the primary objective of the manager. It simply reaffirmed what has been long been integrated in business –

Factors for adolescent depression

Factors for adolescent depression Introduction Adolescent depression is not just a bad mood and sometimes depression. Depression is a serious problem affecting every aspect of life at the age of adolescence. Can be if left untreated, depression in adolescence lead to problems at home, school, drugs, self-loathing, the tragedy of irreversible even violence such as murder or suicide. Fortunately, depression can be treated at the age of adolescence, and concerned parent, teacher, or friend, and there are many things you can do to help. You can learn and symptoms of depression, and expressed concern at the spot the warning signs. Can talk about support and provide the problem go a long way to get back in the teen on the right track. Depression is more than the blues or the blahs, and its more of normal operations and downs of everyday life. When this mood down, along with other symptoms, lasts for more than a few weeks, you may be a case of depression. Depression is a serious health problem affecting the total number of persons. In addition to feelings, you can change the behavior, and physical health and appearance, academic performance, social activity, and the ability to handle everyday decisions and pressures. Fortunately, there is a treatment for adolescent depression, as there is for the treatment of depression in adults. Most teenagers can be helped with psychotherapy, antidepressants, or a combination of both Understanding Depression in adolescence There are a lot of misconceptions about depression in adolescence and that there are teenagers in the year. Yes, the teen years are difficult, but most of the friendships of adolescents with anxiety for a good balance, and success in school or outside activities, and develop a strong sense of self. Occasional bad moods or acting outside the expected, but depression is something different. Depression can destroy the essence of personality in adolescence, causing an overwhelming feeling of despair, sadness or anger. If the occurrence of depression in adolescence actually increase, or are we just become more aware of, and the truth is that the Depression strikes teen in many cases, more than most people think. In spite of the depression and treatment too, and experts say that only 20% of depressed adolescents never receive help. Unlike adults, who have the ability to request assistance on their own, teenagers usually must rely on parents, teachers or other caregivers to recognize their suffering and get them the treatment they need. Even if you have a teenager in your life, it is important to know what depression in adolescence, such as what to do if you place the warning signs. Signs and symptoms of depression Adolescents are confronted with a range of pressures and changes in puberty to questions about who they are and where to fit the natural transition from child to adult can also be that the conflict of the parents, children begin to assert their independence. With all this drama is not always easy to distinguish between moodiness in adolescence and depression is normal. Make things more complicated and adolescents with depression do not necessarily appear sad, do not always withdraw from others. For some depressed teens, symptoms of aggression, irritability and anger more pronounced. The difference between depression in adolescence and adult Could be that depression in adolescents look very different from depression in adults. The following symptoms of depression is more common among adolescents than adults to their colleagues: irritable mood or angry and as noted above, irritability instead of sadness and often the mood of adolescent depression. May be depressed teenager angry, hostile, easily frustrated, or are subject to bouts of anger. Aches and pains unexplained adolescent depression often complain about physical ailments such as headaches or stomach pains. If a comprehensive examination on the body does not reveal a medical reason, and this may indicate that the pain of depression. extreme sensitivity to criticism depressed teens suffer feelings of usefulness, making them extremely vulnerable to criticism and rejection and failure. This is a particular problem for the performance of more than one. withdraw from some, but not everyone although adults tend to isolate themselves when depressed, usually adolescents to maintain at least a few friends. However, adolescents with depression may socialize less than before, and Im pulling from their parents, or start with a different audience. Could be that depression in adolescents can be difficult to detect because of moodiness, irritability, and antisocial behavior, negative and often go withdrawal along with the growth. In younger children, depression can present himself as a morbid preoccupation with death and dying. The child may present with intense fear of separation from a parent or parents and lose interest in participating in the games with other children. You progress through the learning process, one comes to the understanding of depression in a way that allows you to learn how to get depressed children and adolescents, like adults, and how depression can be treated in a similar way. And children and adolescents learn specific skills, and ways of thinking that can a) help lift depression and (b) help to prevent relapse. These skills are taught in some schools already with impressive results. Learn more about this topic as you proceed. Causes Not the causes of depression are well known. Probably a combination of factors of genetic, biological and environmental work. Genetic factors Because depression runs in families, and has a strong genetic component, compelling evidence suggests that depression is a biological phenomenon. The information from family, twin, adoption, and these genetic studies. Studies have found that relatives of patients who suffer from depression and 2-6 times more likely to develop the problem of individuals without a family history. Biological agents Evidence to support the theory that depression has a biological basis. Are closely linked and build on the biological causes of depression to anomalies in the delivery of certain key neurotransmitters (chemical messengers in the brain). These neurotransmitters regulate mood and behavior associated with them. Scientists hope that the identification of mutations of genes that code for the organization of these neurotransmitters, and may eventually be able to predict which patients are more likely to respond to specific antidepressants. The effects of depression in adolescence The negative effects of depression than adolescent melancholy mood. Many of the rebels and the unhealthy behaviors and attitudes of adolescents are in fact signs of depression. See table below for some of the ways in which adolescents work or law in an attempt to deal with emotional pain: Problems at school Can cause depression, low energy and difficulty concentrating. At school, and this can lead to poor attendance, a decrease of the vote, or disappointment in the school the student is really good. Escape Many depressed teens escape from home or talk to flee. These attempts are usually a cry for help. Drug Abuse Adolescents may use alcohol or drugs in an attempt to self-medication depression. Unfortunately, drug abuse does not make things worse. Low self-esteem Depression can lead and intensify feelings of ugliness, shame and failure and the lack of merit. Eating Disorders Anorexia and bulimia, binge eating and U U are the signs of depression often unrecognized. Internet Addiction Teens can go online to escape their problems. But excessive computer use only increases their isolation and make them more depressed. Reckless behavior Depressed adolescents may engage in high risk or dangerous, such as reckless driving, outside the control of drinking and unsafe sex. Violence Some teens with depression (usually the children who are victims of bullying), and become violent. As is the case with the Columbine school massacre, Self hatred and desire for death can lead to violence and homicidal rage. Suicide Adolescents who suffer a severe recession in many cases, think, speak, or do not attract attention suicide attempts. Should always suicidal thoughts or behaviors to be taken seriously. Support at the age of adolescence through the treatment of depression As adolescent depression in your life during the treatment, the most important thing you can do is let him or her know that I was there to listen and offer support. Now more than ever, and adolescents need to learn to express appreciation, or they accepted, and cared for. Can understand. Can live with depression in adolescence is a difficult and draining. Sometimes, you may experience fatigue, rejection, despair and aggravation, or any other number of negative emotions. During this time in the search, it is important to remember that the child is not difficult on purpose. Teenager suffers, so your best to be patient and understanding. Encourage physical activity. Encourage the teenager to stay active. Exercise can go a long way towards alleviating the symptoms of depression, and therefore the search for ways to integrate them in the days of your teenager. Can be something as simple as walking the dog or riding a bike useful Encourage social activities. Isolation and depression is getting worse, and even encourage your boyfriend to see friends and praise the efforts socially. Special Offer to bring teenager with friends or social activities to indicate that may be of interest, such as sports, after-school club, or category of art. Stay involved in the transaction. Make sure your teenager is following all the instructions to go for treatment and therapy. It is very important that your child take any medication as directed. Track changes in your childs condition and call your doctor if symptoms of depression seems to be getting worse. Learn more about depression. Just as you do if your child suffers from a disease, and said he knew very little about, read about depression so you can have an expert. More you know, and you will be better equipped to help your depression in adolescence. Encourage your teenager to learn more about depression as well. Can be read for their help depressed teens aware that you are not alone and give them a better understanding of what theyre going through. Conclusion Could be that depression in adolescents can be difficult to detect because of moodiness, irritability, and antisocial behavior, negative and often go withdrawal along with the growth. In younger children, depression can present himself as a morbid preoccupation with death and dying. The child may present with intense fear of separation from a parent or parents and lose interest in participating in the games with other children. You progress through the learning process, one comes to the understanding of depression in a way that allows you to learn how to get depressed children and adolescents, like adults, and how depression can be treated in a similar way. And children and adolescents learn specific skills, and ways of thinking that can a) help lift depression and (b) help to prevent relapse. These skills are taught in some schools already with impressive results.

Speaking In Tongues Essay -- Communication

Communication has been the hub of society sense the beginning of man. It is the way people pass information from one to the next. Animals have been known to communicate with other animals or humans. A dog will urinate in order to mark his/her territory. This action translates possession to other animals, and the dog will act aggressively defending his/her territory if needed. Other animals have actions that will translate possession, hunger, and love. Humans translate these same ideas by body language (which is non-verbal communication) and speech (which is verbal communication). Humans place their main interest in verbal communication, which consist of communication with sounds from the mouth. With any type of communication there are different languages. Many people are unaware that there are many different types of Sign Language. The languages that people speak are generally learned at an early age. After a child is born the parents beginning to speak to it, and automatically the child begins to learn how to communicate with their mouth. Understandably, whatever language, or languages, the parents speak, will be the language the child learns. However, as a person ages the ability of learning a new language depreciates, and the task becomes exceedingly difficult. Understanding this to be common knowledge, it is not surprising to read about the reaction the Jews expressed on the day of Pentecost when the apostles stud before t hem speaking in languages they had never spoken before. Today the term for this particular act is called â€Å"Speaking in Tongues,† and there has been much debate over this issue. The idea raises many questions such as: â€Å"What is a tongue?† â€Å"How did someone acquire this ability?† â€Å"What is the purpose?† And, â€Å"... ... known as the Bible. Keep in mind, if the televangelists who claim to heal by the power of God were able to do so, then why do they wait for people to come to them? Why are they not traveling from one hospital to another healing the sick and raising the dead? It is for the same reason people cannot speak in a language they have not learned, miracles have ceased (1 Corinthians 13:10). The idea of speak in an unlearned language, or speaking in tongues, is a much debated topic among religious enthusiast. This topic, like many others, will continue to be debate until the final trumpet sounds and the church rise to meet Christ in the hair. However, if one was to choose to forget everything he or she has learned about the subject, and study the scriptures for themselves, then they would discover the truth. All miracles, including speaking in tongues, have ceased.

GE – credentials

Jeff Immelt ‘s 5th twelvemonth in office as the Chairman and CEO of GE besides saw GE being crowned as the universe ‘s most admired company by Fortune Magazine for the 6th clip and 2nd clip in Immelt ‘s term of office this was in add-on to GE being on top of the list of Financial Times ‘ most admired companies of the universe for seven out of the last eight old ages. The company has been able to crush the US lag of 2001, 9/11 and lifting input monetary values and still maintained a growing rate of 5 % which none of its Industrial or Financial equals has been able to fit and with the restructuring and Jeff Immelt ‘s new growing enterprises GE has been able to present a growing of 8 % from bing concern and another 3 % through acquisitions in 2005 and is all set to reiterate that public presentation every twelvemonth for the following decennary. For the past century GE has continually set the docket of direction thoughts and patterns that other companies will follow. It pioneered the rules of organisation design in 1892 and in 1950s it produced the celebrated â€Å" Blue Books † – Ultra detailed guide given to GE directors on how to carry on concern. In 1960s it led the move to strategic planning. In 1980s and 1990s it tool constructs like Leadership Development, Work Out and Six Sigma. Testimonies for GE from industry and academic leaders: â€Å" GE is the best school of direction on Earth saloon none † Clay Christensen Professor, Harvard Business School and writer of â€Å" The Innovator ‘s Dilemma † â€Å" GE has set a criterion in leading development in a manner that all of us have benefited from. † Kevin Sharer, CEO of Amgen â€Å" What makes GE the gilded criterion is the consistence of public presentation over a really drawn-out period. † Kevin Rollins, CEO of DellCompany Fast FactsMarket Cap – $ 354 billionEmployees – 300,000Stockholders – 5 millionAverage Annual Return since 1996 – 13.5 %Company Fact SheetGeneral Electric Company ( General Electric ) is a diversified industrial corporation. The company manufactures a broad scope of merchandises from major contraptions and illuming merchandises to commercial and military aircraft jet engines ; medical diagnostic imagination systems ; life science checks and separation engineering merchandises to electrical distribution and control equipment. The company has operations in North America, Europe, Asia and South America General Electric operates through six concern divisions: substructure, industrial, commercial finance, health care, consumer finance and NBC Universal. Infrastructure produces, sells, fundss and services equipment for the air transit and energy coevals industries. The substructure besides produces, sells and services equipment for the rail transit and H2O intervention industries. The substructure division operates chiefly through its sub-divisions. The air power sub-segment green goodss, sells and services jet engines, propjet and turbo shaft engines, and related replacing parts for usage in military and commercial aircraft. This sub-segment is besides engaged in supplying care, fix and inspection and repair services ( MRO ) services for aircraft constituents including engines. The air power fiscal services sub-segment offers a wide scope of fiscal merchandises to air hoses, aircraft operators, loaners, investors and airdrome developers. These fiscal merchandises include rentals, aircraft buying and trading, engine/spare parts funding, pilot preparation, fleet planning and fiscal consultative services. The energy sub-division provid es merchandises and services to the planetary energy industry. These merchandises and services assist the energy industry in production, distribution and direction of energy. The company ‘s merchandise portfolio includes wind turbines, aircraft engine derived functions, gas turbines and generators. The oil and gas sub-segment offers merchandises and services for the production, transit, storage, refinement, and distribution of oil and natural gas. The transit sub-division provides engineering solutions for clients in a assortment of industries, including railway, theodolite, excavation, oil and gas, power coevals, and Marine. The merchandises offered by the transit sub-division include high horsepower diesel-electric engines every bit good as parts and services for engines. The H2O sub-division offers solutions for sublimating H2O. These solutions include supply of forte chemicals, pumps, valves and filters ; fluid handling equipment ; effluent and procedure systems The industrial division sells merchandises including consumer contraptions, industrial equipment and plastics, and related services. This division ‘s operations are located in North America, Europe, Asia and South America. The company chiefly operates through its sub-divisions. The consumer and industrial sub-division sells place contraptions including iceboxs, deep-freezes, electric and gas scopes, cooktops, dish washers, apparels washers and driers, microwave ovens, room air conditioners, and residential H2O systems for filtration, softening and heating. This division brands include Monogram, GE Profile, GE and Hotpoint. The equipment services sub-division provides leases, rentals, gross revenues and plus direction services for commercial and transit equipment. The plastics sub-division industries and sells plastics used by compounders, molders and original equipment makers. These plastics are used in a assortment of applications including fiction of automotive parts, computi ng machine enclosures, compact discs and optical-quali The commercial finance division offers a wide scope of fiscal services. This division ‘s operations are spread across North America, South America, Europe, Australia and Asia. This division has mid-market expertness and offers loans, rentals and other fiscal services to makers, distributers and end-users of a assortment of equipment and major capital assets. These assets include industrial-related installations and equipment, commercial and residential existent estate, vehicles, corporate aircraft, and equipment used in many industries such as the building, fabrication, telecommunications and health care industries. The health care division manufactures sells and services a scope of medical equipment. The services offered by the division include distant diagnostic and fix for medical equipment, computerized information direction and client productiveness services. The healthcare division chiefly operates in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. The consumer finance division offers recognition and sedimentation merchandises and services to consumers, retail merchants, agents and car traders in over 50 states. The fiscal merchandises offered by the division include private-label recognition cards ; bank cards ; double cards ; corporate travel and buying cards ; personal loans ; car loans ; rentals and stock list funding ; residential mortgages ; place equity loans ; debt consolidation loans ; current and savings histories and insurance merchandises related to consumer finance offerings for clients on a planetary footing. NBC Universal, another division, is a media company. It is chiefly engaged in the broadcast of web telecasting services to attached telecasting Stationss within the US ; the production of unrecorded and recorded telecasting plans ; the production and distribution of gesture images ; the operation, under licences from the Federal Communications Commission ( FCC ) , of telecasting broadcast medium Stationss ; the ownership of several cable/satellite webs around the universe ; the operation of subject Parkss ; and investing and programming activities in multimedia and the cyberspace. The NBC Television Network is one of four major US commercial broadcast telecasting webs and serves 230 attached Stationss within the US.CHANGING OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AND GEâ€Å" We ‘re now in a slow-growth universe. Thingss were different 25 old ages ago. Oil was under $ 30 a barrel ; most growing came from the developed universe ; we were a state at peace. After I came in as CEO, I looked at the universe post-9/11 and realized that over the following 10 or 20 old ages, there merely was non traveling to be much tailwind. It would be a more planetary market, it would be more driven by invention, and a premium would be placed on companies that could bring forth their ain growing. We have to alter the company-to become more innovation driven-in order to cover with this new environment. It ‘s the right thing for investors. Productivity is still really of import, but if you look back at GE ‘s concerns over the past decennary or so, those that have been managed for both productiveness and growing have done the best. â€Å" The statement from Jeff Immelt mentioned above gaining controls the really kernel of the altering concern environment that GE has to cover with now and therefore had to reconstitute itself into an organisation which is ready for tomorrow Analyzing GE ‘s Changing Environment Under Jeff ImmeltIndustry Sector: With the flop of 2001 and the US lag that followed GE was faced with a really slow growing industry sectors as its major concerns like Commercial Aviation and Power equipment were the 1s that had taken the maximal hit from the lag. However, GE ‘s relentless attempts on increasing productiveness became its Jesus. Besides Immelt ‘s attempts to hike globalisation and invest in R & A ; D helped GE to research new chances in the emerging markets and be ready to sit any rush in demandNatural Materials Sector: Post 9/11 and Iraq war the petroleum oil monetary values sky-rocketed and the of all time increasing demand from India and China lead to a immense rise in trade good monetary values. All this meant an of all time increasing force per unit area on the company ‘s profitableness due to input monetary valuesHuman Resources Sector: With a new and restructured company with more than 50 % grosss co ming from outside the United States a new challenge were acquiring a leading squad from these markets. Thus GE has increased the figure of direction alumnuss it plans to engage from Asia every twelvemonthFiscal Resources Sector: Post 9/11 the universe saw a reversal of tendency as the autumn of involvement rates stopped and they started lifting alternatively. However, thanks to immense hard currency flows from operations generated by GE and its AAA evaluation fiscal resources ne'er posed a menace to the companyMarket Sector: Again as more than half the grosss and about the full growing came from developing economic systems GE was faced with a wholly different market sector as GE had to acknowledge the importance of these new markets. In earlier old ages GE had followed a scheme of â€Å" Defeaturization † which meant taking an American merchandise and depriving it down to accommodate an Indian monetary value. However, this mentality is altering to developing a merchandise lan d up in India to accommodate an Indian monetary valueTechnology Sector: Technology is one sector which has more or less stayed invariable over the last few old ages as it has merely increased bit by bit and GE has if anything stayed in front of its clip with a go oning emphasis on leveraging its engineering and procedure excellence for presenting client valueEconomic Conditionss Sector: Last five old ages have witnessed both a lag and roar in the universe economic system with a really slow growing stage in the industrial universe station 9/11 and so a roar lead by China and IndiaGovernment Sector: The authorities sector inside the United States has stayed stable. However, the increasing force per unit area from the universe on the US to subscribe the Kyoto Protocol has meant GE had to switch its focal point on ecological balance by get downing a thrust called â€Å" Ecomagination †Sociocultural Sector: Last five old ages have scene a stabilised sociocultural environment with lone major alteration coming in signifier of altering demographics as the population in most of the underdeveloped universe is ageing and hence are the consumer demandsInternational Sector: As most of the grosss or the company is coming from international markets so is most of the competition. GE is now faced with competition from its European and Asiatic challengers even as it has outsmarted most of its American competitionSTRATEGIES THAT SHAPED GE OVER THE YEARSA Glimpse at the History of the World ‘s greatest company – A pudding stone formed through acquisitions and inventions General Electric Company ( General Electric ) was established in 1892 with the amalgamation of Thomson-Houston Electric and Edison General Electric. Its early merchandises included visible radiation bulbs, motors, wassailers, lifts, and other contraptions. In the undermentioned old ages, General Electric acquired a figure of companies such as Siemens & A ; Halske ‘s subdivision in Chicago in 1900 and Stanlet Electric Company in 1903. The company continued to spread out and by 1980, its merchandises ranged from plastics, consumer electronics, atomic reactors, to gush engines. In the undermentioned twelvemonth, the operations of the company were decentralized. It bought common fund jobber GNA in 1993. In the same twelvemonth, GE Investment direction began selling common financess to the populace. GE Capital Services, its subordinate, expanded its lines, purchasing Amex Life Insurance and Life Insurance Company of Virginia in 1995. The company continued to spread out through the acquisition of other companies and through the constitution of joint ventures. The company sold Genie online services in 1996 and entered into a joint venture with Microsoft organizing the MSNBC overseas telegram intelligence channel in 1997. During 1999, the company acquired 134 companies. In 2001, GE and Honeywell International terminated their earlier amalgamation understanding after EU regulators blocked the trade. As portion of the understanding, General Electric acquired two concerns from Honeywell ; Tensor, an oil and gas group, and Honeywell Advanced Composites. General Electric made a figure of acquisitions in 2002, including Instrumentarium, USA Instruments, Infographic Systems, Deutsch Financial Services and Ion Track. It besides combined its lighting and contraptions concerns to Form GE Consumer Products in 2002. General Electric announced a amalgamation trade between NBC and Vivendi Universal amusement in 2003. The company gained ownership of 80 % of the new company, NBC Universal. Later during the same twelvemonth, General Electric acquired Sophia, a Gallic existent estate company. Besides in the same twelvemonth, the media group controlled by GE severed its fiscal ties with Paxson. General Electric made many acquisitions in 2003, including RAMiX, SI Pressure Instruments and Saferex Oy of Finland. GE Medical Systems completed the acquisition of Triple G Systems Group in late 2003. Besides during the twelvemonth, Littlejohn & A ; Company agreed to get GE Superabrasives. General Electric agreed to get InVision Technologies in 2004. During the same clip, the company completed its acquisition of well all of the US concern assets of AstroPower, a taking maker of solar electric power merchandises. GE Commercial Finance, the business-to-business fiscal services unit of General Electric, purchased assets from Boeing Capital Corporation in 2004. While GE Consumer Finance, the planetary consumer loaning unit of General Electric acquired DeltaBank, a Moscow-based Russian consumer bank. GE Energy acquired three concern units of S D Myers. In Canada, GE acquired Ikon Office Solutions, a leasing concern. General Electric besides acquired the assets of ChevronTexaco ‘s gasification engineering concern. In South Africa, the company acquired well all the assets of Fluidex Engineering of Johannesburg. General Electric sold its bulk interest in its GE Capital International Services unit in 2004. General Electric restructured its operations into six concerns during 2005 ; each concern focused on the wide markets served by the company. These concerns were substructure, commercial finance, consumer finance, health care, NBC Universal and industrial. General Electric made several acquisitions during 2005. In Turkey, the company acquired a 25.5 % voting interest in Garanti Bank, a full service Turkish bank. GE ‘s commercial finance division acquired the Transportation Financial Services Group of CitiCapital ; the Inventory Finance division of Bombardier Capital ; Antares Capital, a nit of Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance ; and ING ‘s part of Heller. General Electric ‘s substructure division acquired Ionics.GE ‘s Growth Strategy under Jeff ImmeltWhat Immelt inherited from the legendary Jack Welch was a extremely productive company which has grown through a batch of acquisitions of all time since its origin. Immelt recognized that the environment GE operated in has changed dramatically over the old ages and the universe has entered a slow growing stage and merely those companies which can turn on their ain will be valued at a premium. Immelt brought about radical alterations at GE as the older rules of growing were done off with and concern successes were now measured by return on capital alternatively of pure market leading. A important alteration was the extent to which the organisation became externally oriented as Immelt reinstated the station of a Chief Marketing Officer after about three decennaries bespeaking a new market oriented GE. Following major measure taken by Immelt was increasing investings in R & A ; D once more consistent with the company making its ain growing rater so turning by acquisitions. In kernel Immelt kept the values of productiveness and globalisation but added a growing jussive mood to it as in Immelt ‘s words â€Å" another decennary of 4 % growing would intend that GE would discontinue to be a great company any longer † . What Immelt has done with reshaping the scheme is in kernel a tradition of GE leaders as Immelt himself sums it up by stating â€Å" Most people inside GE learn from the yesteryear but have a healthy discourtesy for history † . The consequence of GE ‘s alteration in scheme to growing manner has been discussed in item in the subdivision on alteration attempts of Immelt subsequently Consequence of Strategy Change on people of GE Change from Welch ‘s 6 C ‘s to Immelt ‘s Growth Traits Immelt has identified the following as the growing traits for GE leaders as against the 6C ‘s identified by WelchExternal FocusClear ThinkingImaginationInclusivenessExpertnessWhat this means that the focal point of the company is now on market focal point and edifice new merchandises and work outing jobs through adept sphere cognition. This besides implies that Jack Welch ‘s doctrine of traveling people from one concern to another in 18 months will give manner to a state of affairs where people would remain in a GE concern for around five old ages on an norm to develop expertness required to present high organic growing.Technical SUB-SYSTEM AT GE – Technical LEADERSHIP AND LINKING PROCESS EXCELLENCE TO CUSTOMER VALUETechnical LeadershipMerchandises, services and content represent GE ‘s value added and are the cardinal to its growing. It invests about $ 14 billion each twelvemonth in this rational foundation for the Company, which includes R & A ; D, content d evelopment and selling. The graduated table of this Investment – the deepness and the breadth – makes GE unique. GE leverages breadth to take in service engineering. We leverage breadth to take in service engineering. An illustration of this is new service engineering is non-destructive proving. This takes imaging engineering from its health care concern and applies it to energy, rail, air power and oil & A ; gas. For clients, proving substructure for failure could salvage one million millions of dollars each twelvemonth. It uses its technological strength to win. The premium of great engineering is non merely the merchandises it sells today, but besides the big installed base of durable assets where they sell service. Its service concern is profitable and grows rapidly. More significantly, services are aligned to work out client jobs in countries such as fuel efficiency, environmental public presentation and quality. It has a talented group of applied scientists and engineers. The company ‘s renewed focal point on advanced merchandises gives them a platform for leading in the company.Ass ociating Process Excellence to Customer ValueIn 2005, GE accelerated its advancement to associate internal procedures to the success of clients. It starts by making formal ways to listen to client input in â€Å" dreaming Sessionss † which involves taking alone client groupings and holding them assist form scheme. Next, the company improved its client facing processes utilizing Lean Six Sigma, a procedure for cut downing rhythm clip. Every GE employee wakes up in the forenoon wanting to assist a client. Thin helps to look at procedures from a client point of position and engages the squad to make solutions. In several concerns it is associating Lean straight to growing, through what is called â€Å" Thin Showcases. † The intent of these show windows is non merely to better rhythm clip for the benefit of clients. Rather, it is to be so good that it generates incremental growing†¦ $ 50 million in each â€Å" show window. † Last, GE is utilizing a simple metri c called Net Promoter Score ( NPS ) to mensurate how clients view GE. NPS creates a position of client trueness. The absolute mark is less of import than the tendency. It learns from both boosters and disparagers. Most significantly, we have been able to tie in NPS betterment with growing. NPS is simple and we can be used across the Company. The ultimate end is to utilize betterments in NPS as a step in how leaders get compensated.Organization STRUCTURE AT GENERAL ELECTRIC AND ITS EVOLUTIONAs is apparent from the construction described above GE follows a really level organisation construction composed which is a mix of divisional, functional and regional constructions. It is phenomenal for an organisation of the size of GE which has over 300,000 employees across the Earth to be so organic and level in its organisation construction. As seen above GE ‘s construction can be chiefly described as a divisional construction further each division follows a similar two grade constructi on and therefore any thought can make every bit far as the CEO by merely go throughing through 2 degrees above. The extent of GE ‘s two-dimensionality and broad span of control can be viewed from the fact that the CEO spends every bit much as tierce of his clip on people and takes attention of choosing and reexamining top 600 of the company ‘s leaders himself. These top 600 leaders so take similar duties for their staff However, GE ‘s construction was non ever as level. It all started in 1892 when Charles Coffins, so CEO and Chairman of the company created an organisational construction which laid the basicss of Organization Design and lead to the beginning of a new topic in Management which was later followed by all direction establishments and companies. This construction kept on going more and more tall and stiff as the company grew at an tremendous gait and it eventually resulted in a construction where there were six beds of Sector Executives between the concern leaders of each of the GE ‘s concerns and the CEO. This resulted in a bureaucratic civilization and an organisation where senior status and term of office were valued more than virtue and most of the new thoughts got lost someplace in the bureaucratism or by the clip they reached the relevant determination shapers at that place clip had been by. In 1981 Jack Welch took over as the Chairman and CEO of the company and He abolished all the beds of sector executives that separated the concern leaders from the CEO and created a level organisation which was really receptive of fresh thoughts and was a true meritocracy and the current construction was born. This construction was supported by a really strict and frequent rating system and People Management became one of the primary activities of the CEO himself.Cultural SUB-SYSTEMS AND GROWTH INITIATIVES AT GEThe Cultural and Operating System is GE larning civilization in action. It is a year-around series of intense acquisition Sessionss where Business CEOs, function theoretical accounts and inaugural title-holders from GE every bit good as outside companies, meet and portion rational capital. The cardinal focal point is ever on sharing and seting into action, the best thoughts and patterns from across the company and around the universe.How Does It Work?Meetings take topographic point year-round, in an eternal procedure of enrichment. Learning physiques from old meetings, spread outing the range and increasing the impulse of our company-wide enterprises. Driven by the company ‘s values – trust, informality, simpleness, boundaryless behaviour and the love of alteration – the Operating System allows GE concerns to make velocities and public presentation degrees unattainable were they on their ain.What Are The Results?The Operating System translates thoughts into action across three twelve concerns so quickly that all the enterprises have become operational across the company within one month of launch, and have ever produced positive fiscal consequences within their first rhythm. Globalization has been enriched through more than a twelve rhythms, Six Sigma is in its 5th rhythm, Services is in its sixth, and e-Business its 3rd.Five Key Areas to Drive GE Business GrowthGE is committed to accomplishing world-wide leading in each of its concerns. To accomplish that leading, GE ‘s ongoing concern scheme centres on five cardinal growing enterprises:Technical LeadershipServicessCustomer FocusGrowth PlatformsGlobalizationGE is committed to leading in the â€Å" following coevals † of engineering. It ‘s well-positioned to drive growing for the hereafter with proficient excellence in each concern by developing a planetary proficient capableness, increasing new merchandise growing, and puting in planetary research. Servicesshave grown from the traditional activities of parts replacing, passing and reconditioning machines to a larger and broader vision. The new vision includes puting in concern and engineering to better the public presentation on its installed base and the manner it really services it. Through higher engineering, it has the ability to travel beyond serving to reengineering the installed base. By making so, it dramatically improved its clients ‘ competitory places. GE is in the thick of an unbelievable transmutation brought on by the Internet detonation. Its chase of digitisation will quickly alter its traffics with sellers, spouses, and most of all, its clients. Customer Focusis guaranting that everything it does provides value to our clients. It means making a partnership that – combined with expertness in fiscal, service and engineering industries – maximizes client profitableness and ensures quality. A cardinal GE strength is the ability to gestate the hereafter, place â€Å" unstoppable † tendencies and develop new ways to turn. Growth is the enterprise, the nucleus competence in edifice at GE. Globalizationis non merely endeavoring to turn grosss by selling goods and services in planetary markets. It besides means globalising every activity of the company, including the sourcing of natural stuffs, constituents, and merchandises. Globalization particularly means finding and pulling the limitless pool of rational capital – the really best people – from all around the Earth.JEFF IMMELT ‘S STRATEGIC GROWTH IMPERATIVES – Drive AND MANAGING CHANGE AT GEWhen Jeff Immelt became CE ‘s president and CEO in 2001, the organisation already had a robust tool kit in topographic point to undertake concern jobs. Most of its cardinal enterprises have focused on heightening productiveness.The Productivity Tool KitBest Practices Sharing: identifies peculiarly effectual attacks and spreads them across CE ‘s concernsChange Acceleration Process: equips leaders with a proved method of pull offing alteration and prepares them to win as alteration agentsCroton ville Customer Programs: deploy the resources of GE ‘s celebrated internal preparation installation for the benefit of clientsMultigenerational Product Development Plan: ensures that new merchandises are non merely optimized for the close term but have the ability to germinate with client demandsProcedure Maping: creates ocular representations of concern procedures to ease understanding and simplificationQuick Market Intelligence: physiques on Wal-M art ‘s invention of tapping into real-time informations about client and rival behaviour and disseminating that insight quickly throughout the organisationSimplification: thrusts out immaterial costs incurred by overcomplicated procedures and proliferation of options in sourcing and other countriesSix Sigma: employs Motorola- pioneered methods to convey defect degrees below 3.4 defects per million chances. Intensive quality preparation outputs â€Å" green belts ‘ â€Å" black belts: ‘ and â€Å" maestro black belts †Work-Out: utilizations cross-functional squads and town hall meetings to happen ways to take unproductive work out of the system, like meetings, studies, and blessing degrees that add no valueHowever, General Electric under the leading of Jeff Immelt is flexing every waking attempt to an brave aim-to grow organically two to three times faster than universe GDP which translates into a growing rate of 8 % + from its bing concerns itself. Immelt attributes this alteration in doctrine to the fact that the universe has changed dramatically post 9/11 forcing up the input monetary values and the economic growing engines have besides shifted towards emerging economic systems like China and India. Prosecuting that end, the company has invented a whole new set of direction methods and hence is altering focal point from productiveness to productiveness with growing.Strong PortfolioGE ‘s foundation is a set of leading concerns constructed to accomplish long-run marks of more than 10 % one-year net incomes growing and 20 % return on entire capital ( ROTC ) . In 2005, the Company was restructured into six concerns focused on the wide markets served: Infrastructure, Commercial Finance, Consumer Finance, Healthcare, NBC Universal and Industrial. Each concern has graduated table, market leading and superior client offerings. Over the past few old ages, the company has sharply strengthened its portfolio. It had two ends in head: better its industrial growing rate and expand fiscal services returns. Since 2002, it has completed $ 65 billion of acquisitions, and announced or completed about $ 30 billion of divestitures. Its organic growing has expanded to 8 % versus an historical degree of 5 % . At the same clip, its ROE in its fiscal services concerns has increased to 26 % its concerns fit good with the large demographic subjects of its epoch. As a consequence, it is positioned to turn organically at two to three times the planetary gross domestic merchandise ( GDP ) . GE uses its size to execute for investors. Since 1990, GE ‘s continuing net incomes have grown every twelvemonth but one, and most of these old ages have had double-digit net incomes growing. Its dividend has increased for 30 consecutive old ages, turning 12 % on norm. The undermentioned concerns have been identified as cardinal future growing drivers in a recent GE mentality meeting:Healthcare IT†¦ Market leadingOil & A ; Gas†¦ Market Leadership†¦ Expanding QuicklyWater†¦ Continue to spread out globallySecurity & A ; Feeling†¦ Continue to spread out†¦ industry consolidatingLatino Media†¦ grow portion in US & A ; explore planetary chanceCommon Enterprises: Organic GrowthThe 2nd jussive mood is to drive common enterprises across the portfolio to spread out public presentation. The GE squad embraces these enterprises. They measure, learn and drive enterprises until they become portion of the civilization. Its most of import enterprise is to drive 8 % organic gross growing. This was launched in 2004, when it had an historical growing rate of 5 % . The entire continuing gross growing was 11 % in 2005, and organic growing was 8 % . This was about twice its industrial and fiscal equals. Jeff Immelt has come up with a mo del known as â€Å" Execute for Growth † which will steer the concern leaders in all GE concerns to accomplish this brave mark of organically turning the company at 8 % . The model is outlined in the undermentioned subdivisionThe Growth Tool KitA new set of tools has been added to the old kit to assist CE accomplish its ends for top-line growing.Acquisition Integration Framework: lineations a elaborate procedure for guaranting that acquired entities are efficaciously assimilated into GEAt the Customer, for the Customer: brings CE ‘s internal best patterns, direction tools, and developing plans to clients confronting their ain managerial challengesCECOR Marketing Framework: connects invention and other growing attempts with market chances and client demands by inquiring inquiries to graduate, explore, create, form, and recognize strategic growingCustomer Dreaming Sessions: assemble a group of the most influential and originative people in an industry to visualize its her eafter and provoke the sort of interchange that can animate new programsGrowth Traits and Appraisals: lineation and implement the outlook that GE ‘s following coevals of leaders will expose five strengths: external focal point, clear thought, imaginativeness, inclusiveness, and sphere expertnessImagination Breakthroughs: focal point top direction ‘s attending and resources on assuring thoughts from anyplace in the organisationInvention Fundamentalss: Equip directors with four exercisings to prosecute people in invention, and fix them to transform new thoughts into actionInnovation Labs and Tool Kit: support concern scheme, merchandise development, and other cross-functional undertaking squads with a assortment of resources and stuffs relevant to innovation attemptsThin Showcases: demonstrate the power of â€Å" thin † thought by leting people to see how rhythm times were reduced in a nucleus customer- facing concern procedureThin Six Sigma: puts the Six Sigma meth ods and tools in the service of a critical goal-reducing rhythm times in the procedures that chiefly drive client satisfactionNet-Promoter Mark: holds all GE concerns to a new criterion: They must track and better the per centum of clients who would urge GE. The tonss are seen as prima indexs of growing and public presentation ; concern squads apply thin Six Sigma and other tools to analyse tonss and place and implement bettermentsPeoples + CultureGE has ever been seen as an organisation which is a university in itself and this committedness is reflected in the fact that CEO Jeff Immelt spends a s much as tierce of his clip on people and the company spends in surplus of $ 1 billion each twelvemonth on assorted developing plans. GE is committed to learn its leaders new accomplishments that make them modern-day in every epoch. Consistent with our enterprises, it is learning them to be growing leaders. To accomplish consistent growing, every leader in every map must do it their mission . This will necessitate personal intercession with clients and protection of the support of Imagination Breakthroughs. It will necessitate risk-taking based on deep market inherent aptitudes. Jeff Immelt along with other senior leaders studied the properties of companies that had long-run success with organic growing like Dell and Toyota. They found that they had five traits in common:They had external focal point that defined success in market footings.They were clear minds who simplified scheme into specific actions, made determinations and communicated precedences.They had imaginativeness and bravery to take hazards on both people and thoughts.They were energized by inclusiveness and a connexion with people, which builds trueness and committedness.They developed expertness in a map or sphere, utilizing deepness as a beginning of assurance to drive alteration.

Images in Lord of the Flies by William Golding

An image is a representation of something that is portrayed to make the reader visualize a different impression in its place. Images can be seen, heard, smelled, tasted, or felt. There are many images used in Lord of the Flies by William Golding. Simply put, fire is a major image that has multiple meanings in the novel. The object that gives the title to the novel is also one of the most important image. The pigs head/Lord of the Flies is full of relevance towards the book . Finally, the image of the conch is quite important. These images have crucial meanings that are necessary to the plot of the novel. Fire is something that is normally used for cooking and as a light, however in the novel its main purpose is as a signal fire to attract the attention of any passing ships so the boys can be rescued. The Fire is the boys connection with civilization, as long as it is burning there is a hope that they would be rescued. The fire, or lack of fire, is first major tension between Ralph and Jack. The fire is let out when all the hunters go off with Jack to spear a pig. Meanwhile, Ralph watches a ship go by the island without stopping because there is no smoke visible. You let the fire out† (73) was all that Ralph had to say to Jack to tell him that he blew a chance to get rescued and that only way they will ever get saved is if there is a fire burning on the island. Ironically, it is a fire that solves both problems started by Jack letting the signal fire die. â€Å"Smoke was seeping through the branches in white and yellow wisps†. (216) The smoke was from the fire started by Jack to flush Ralph out of the thicket he was hiding in so he could kill Ralph and put his head on the stick sharpened at both ends. Ralph managed to evade Jack's trap and run into the forest while the fire continued to grow in size. The hunters entered the forest and forced Ralph back to the beach where he runs into the only adult in the novel. â€Å" We saw your smoke†(223) said the navy officer who is saying that the fire is the reason that they found the boys. When asked who is the boss, Ralph confidently says â€Å" I am† (224) officially ending the feud between him and Jack. Without fire the boys would not have been rescued and Ralph would have never gotten any of his previous power back. The pigs head was left as an offering to the beast by Jack and the savages. It is described as â€Å" †¦. grinning amusedly†¦ † (151) with â€Å" †¦ white teeth and dim eyes†¦ † (152). The pigs head is most likely the most important image in the novel. When Simon has his one way conversation with the Lord of the Flies, it took the place of the pigs head and it implemented two important things. â€Å" I'm part of you †¦ why things are what they are†¦ † (158). When the Lord of the Flies says this, he is telling Simon that the beast is inside of everyone and it is the evil in their hearts that is making them savages. The pigs head also tells Simon as â€Å" a schoolmaster† (158) that he is going to have some â€Å"fun† with Simon. This simply foreshadows Simon death in the next chapter. The Lord of the Flies represents the beast and all the evil in the boys stranded on the island. Found on the beach near the start of the novel, the conch shell is an image that represents many concepts. The conch represents structure and democracy. â€Å"We can use this to call the others. Have a meeting. They'll come when they hear it. (12) When the conch is blown it allows the boys to come together in a civilized manner to decide what they should do. â€Å" Then I'll give him the conch †¦ he can hold it when he's speaking† (31). This idea by Ralph created a way to govern meetings in a democratic way where everyone could speak their mind. Throughout the novel the conch slowly begins to lose its power over the group of boys as they become more like savages. Once Jack starts breaking the rules, chaos starts to occur as the boys disregard the conch. This shows that without the boys giving the conch power, structure and discipline will soon be no more. Eventually, when the boys split into different tribes, the conch has no importance because most of the boys have now become savages. â€Å"†¦ the conch exploded into a thousand white fragments and ceased to exist† (200). When Roger pushed the rock down the hill to murder Piggy, the conch was in his hands. When it blew apart it signified the end of democratic power ever coming back to the island and represented when government does not always work. Without the conch, structure might not have been established and instead of being civil the boys might have turned into savages very early in their stay on the island. In the Lord of the Flies by William Golding, the images are necessary to the plot of the novel. Without fire, the pigs head, and the conch; the boys might have not got rescued. Jack and Ralph may have not had the same bad blood between them. They may have not been as evil or savage-like, and possibly they may have turned into savages very soon after their plane crashed. Think of all the different endings possible if some of these key images were changed.

What Are The Rules Of Evidence For Federal And New York Coursework

What Are The Rules Of Evidence For Federal And New York Coursework What Are The Rules Of Evidence For Federal And New York – Coursework Example New York Rules of Evidence Evidence regarding the character of the accused shall not be used to prove that on an occasion, they acted according to their character(s). Nonetheless, if the accuser offers alleged evidence of the pertinent character traits of the accused, then the prosecutor may have to reconsider the case (4512). Evidence pertaining to the character of a witness can be admitted as governed by Rules 4511-4512. Evidence that the accused committed or had committed similar crimes in the past is not admissible before the state and federal courts (Nicholas, 2009). Evidence of the habits or routines of individuals or organizations can be admitted to prove that they acted according to their routines or habits (rule 4513). The court can use this evidence irrespective of whether they corroborated, or an eye-witness are present.Citizens and organizations within the United States are subjected to equal rights and privileges based on experience and reason of the state and federal co urts as dictated by a federal statute, United States Constitution, and the Supreme Court unless they state otherwise. It is only in civil cases that the state laws govern privileges regarding a defense or claim (Rule 4515). The New York State Law makes independent deliberations (Nicolas, 2009).A witness shall only testify after the introduction of evidence; the evidence must be sufficient to support the claims made. The witness must be of sound mind to make personal testimonies. The State of New York State Country may have to determine the validity of such testimonies (Rule 4517).Admissions made by party-opponent are not considered as the hearsay. Their evidential admissibility results from and adversary system rather than meeting the conditions for the hearsay rule.It is a requirement that authentication should be present for evidence to be regarded as admissible (Nicolas, 2009). Furthermore, authentication is necessary in supporting a finding in a case in the State of New York.The best evidence rule is applicable when a party seeks to prove that the evidence brought in court is satisfactorily based on original entries. Temporary records written on paper are not original books of the business as is stated by this rule (Nicolas, 2009). In matters regarding judicial notice, the New York Rule of evidence states that the rule applies only to adjudicative facts. The facts presented in the case should not be subject to reasonable dispute. Judicial notice can either be discretionary when not requested or mandatory when it is requested by a party.In the case, the truthfulness of a character is in question; the court has the liberty to call character witnesses to verify this (Nicolas, 2009). It might be in question due to evidence of community reputation or convictions.ReferenceNicolas, P. (2009).  New York and federal evidence rules with commentary  (1st ed.). New York: Walters Kluwer Law Aspen Publishers.

How to Become President of the United States

How to Become President of the United States With the primary election coming to an end, only two candidates (if you’re not counting the independent candidates) will remain. While that seems simple enough, the path to becoming the President of the United States can be rather confusing and difficult to understand. After all, our system involves us voting for who we want as our leader, but we technically vote for representatives who then vote for the person we want as our leader, in which the representatives don’t always abide by the wishes of the voter. Make sense? No? Yeah, it’s pretty  convoluted but to make things easier to digest, we’ve compiled a very short and basic infographic on what it takes to become the President of the United States.

What Is A Good SAT Essay Score

What Is A Good SAT Essay Score SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Essay scoring can be tricky to figure out. Maybe you've already created target goals for your SAT score, following our guide, so you at least have that score goal set. But where does your essay score fit into all this? What is a good SAT essay score? This article will answer those questions. Note: The information in this article is for the old (pre-March-2016) SAT essay, which was scored out of 12 and part of the Writing section. Scores for the March 2016 SAT were only released May 10th, 2016, which means that data on percentiles and averages aren't going to be available for a while yet. We'll update this article as soon as the information comes out. feature image credit: Doing Great by Eli Christman, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. What Is the SAT Essay Out Of? Before you can know what a good SAT essay score is, you need to know how many points you can get total on the essay. So what's the SAT essay out of? Currently, the SAT essay is scored on a scale of 1 to 6 by two graders, for a total essay score out of 12. Your essay is scored holistically, which means you don’t get bumped down to a certain essay grade if you make, for instance, a certain number of comma errors. Instead, SAT essay scorers use the SAT essay rubric to grade your essay as a whole. Note: SAT essay scoring will change beginning with the March 2016 SAT. For more information on that change, read our other articles on the new SAT essay prompts and the new SAT essay. What Is a Good SAT Essay Score? As with most things on the SAT, a good essay score depends on what your goals are. These goals should be concrete and determined by the colleges you’re applying to - after all, if your reach schools have an average essay score of 9, then there's no need to burn yourself out trying to get that elusive 12. To some extent, your essay score goal will also be influenced by your performance on the multiple choice section of SAT Writing. If you do better on multiple-choice questions, you may be able to cut yourself some slack in the essay department. But how do figure out what your SAT Writing (and SAT essay) goals should be? Use our three-step process, explained below. Step 1: Know Your Target SAT Writing Score If you’ve read our free ebook on calculating your target SAT score, you may already have figured out your target SAT Writing score. If not, it's time to calculate it! I'll walk through the process using the example of Virginia Commonwealth Unversity. First, download this worksheet. It's designed for calculating your target SAT score out of 2400, so you'll have to modify it a little bit. Fill in the schools you want to apply to in the leftmost column. Here's what the worksheet will look like for Virginia Commonwealth University: Next, google "[name of school] average SAT writing" to get the middle 50% of all SAT Writing scores. For instance, if you're interested in Virginia Commonwealth University, you'd do the following search: There'll usually be a collegeapps.about.com link that has this information. Sometimes (as you can see above) the college website will also pop up, so you can use that to double-check your numbers. You're looking for the 25th and 75th percentile scores on the SAT Writing section. A quick refresher on what "percentile scores" mean: 25th percentile means that 25% of the students attending have a score at or below that number (below average). The 75th percentile means that 75% of students have a score at or below that number (above average). In essence, the 25th/75th percentile score range covers the middle 50% of all students admitted to Virginia Commonwealth University. If the sites don’t list a specific SAT Writing score range, you can divide the top and bottom of the overall SAT score range by 3 to get a general idea of what your Writing score needs to be. In this case, there is information about the SAT Writing score range, so we can fill that in on the worksheet: Do the same for all of the schools you want to apply to. Include dream or â€Å"reach† schools, but don’t include â€Å"safety schools† (schools you think you have at least a 90% chance of getting into). Once you've filled in the information for all of the schools you want to apply to, average the 25th percentile and 75th percentile columns, then choose a target SAT Writing score with that information. As it says on the worksheet, we recommend that you take the 75th percentile score as your target SAT Writing score. It'll give you a very strong chance of getting into the schools you’ve listed. If you’re applying to humanities programs, you may even want to consider a higher score target for SAT Writing. Step 2: Find an Official SAT Writing Score Chart The next step is to take a look at an SAT Writing score chart to find out the range of essay scores that will get you your target SAT Writing score. The chart will differ in precise score differences from test to test, but it can at least give you a broad idea of the range. Let's say that your target SAT Writing score is 576 (rounded up to 580). I've highlighted this in green in the following SAT Writing score chart (from an official SAT practice test): Writing MC Raw Score Essay Raw Score 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 49 800 800 800 800 790 760 750 730 720 710 690 680 48 800 800 780 770 750 720 710 690 680 670 650 640 47 790 770 760 740 720 700 680 660 650 640 630 620 46 770 750 740 720 700 680 660 650 630 620 610 600 45 750 740 720 710 690 660 650 630 620 610 590 580 44 740 730 710 690 670 650 630 620 600 590 580 570 43 730 710 700 680 660 640 620 600 590 580 560 550 42 720 700 680 670 650 630 610 590 580 570 550 540 41 700 690 670 660 640 610 600 580 570 560 540 530 40 690 680 660 650 630 600 590 570 560 550 530 520 39 690 670 650 640 620 590 580 560 550 540 520 510 38 680 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 540 530 510 500 37 670 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 520 500 490 36 660 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 490 35 650 640 620 600 580 560 540 530 510 500 490 480 34 640 630 610 590 570 550 530 520 510 490 480 470 33 630 620 600 590 570 540 530 510 500 490 470 460 32 630 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 31 620 600 590 570 550 530 510 500 480 470 460 450 30 610 600 580 560 540 520 500 490 480 460 450 440 29 610 590 570 560 540 520 500 480 470 460 440 430 28 600 580 570 550 530 510 490 470 460 450 430 420 27 590 580 560 540 520 500 480 470 450 440 430 420 26 580 570 550 540 510 490 480 460 450 440 420 410 25 580 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 24 570 550 540 520 500 480 460 450 430 420 410 400 23 560 550 530 510 490 470 450 440 430 410 400 390 22 560 540 520 510 490 470 450 430 420 410 390 380 21 550 530 520 500 480 460 440 420 410 400 380 380 20 540 530 510 490 470 450 430 420 400 390 380 370 19 530 520 500 490 470 440 430 410 400 390 370 360 18 530 510 500 480 460 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 17 520 500 490 470 450 430 410 400 380 370 360 350 16 510 500 480 470 440 420 400 390 380 360 350 340 15 510 490 470 460 440 420 400 380 370 360 340 330 14 500 480 470 450 430 410 390 370 360 350 330 330 13 490 480 460 440 420 400 380 370 350 340 330 320 12 480 470 450 440 410 390 380 360 350 340 320 310 11 480 460 440 430 410 390 370 350 340 330 310 300 10 470 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 300 9 460 450 430 410 390 370 350 340 320 310 300 290 8 450 440 420 400 380 360 340 330 320 300 290 280 7 440 430 410 400 380 350 340 320 310 300 280 270 6 440 420 400 390 370 350 330 310 300 290 270 260 5 430 410 390 380 360 340 320 300 290 280 260 250 4 420 400 380 370 350 330 310 290 280 270 250 240 3 410 390 370 360 340 320 300 280 270 260 240 230 2 390 380 360 350 320 300 290 270 260 250 230 220 1 380 370 350 330 310 290 270 260 240 230 220 210 0 370 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 220 200 200 -1 350 340 320 300 280 260 240 230 210 200 200 200 -2 340 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 -3 320 300 290 270 250 230 210 200 200 200 200 200 -4 and below 310 300 280 260 240 220 200 200 200 200 200 200 As you can see in the chart above, there are theoretically over ten ways to get a 580 on SAT Writing, with anywhere from a 25-46 multiple-choice raw score and a 0-12 essay score. But is it really realistic to expect to score a 12 on the SAT essay if your multiple-choice raw score is only a 25? Probably not. In 2015, the average SAT Writing score was a 484, and the average SAT essay score was a 7 (data from the CollegeBoard; for more on this, read our upcoming article on average SAT Writing scores). Based on this information (and on an official practice SAT Writing score chart), we've created a table of realistic essay scores you can expect to achieve if you're scoring in a certain range: SAT Writing Score Range Realistic Essay Score 200-340 4 or below 340-440 5 440-540 6 540-640 7 640-740 8 740-800 9 or above So while you can get a 580 on SAT Writing with an essay score from 0-12, you're more likely to do so if you can score a 7 or above on the essay. Step Three: Take a Timed SAT Writing Section and Score It The final step is to see what your multiple choice score is now so that you know how much prep time you'll have to put in. To do this, you'll need to take a timed SAT Writing section and calculate your multiple-choice raw score. The best way to get a realistic idea of what your raw multiple-choice Writing score is would be to take a full-length practice test (because it’ll give you an idea of how tired you get from the other sections and how you deal with switching back and forth). If you don't have the time to do this, just take the Writing sections from an official SAT practice test, adhering to the time limits. How do you calculate your multiple-choice raw Writing score? Use the following equation: Your raw score = (# of questions you got right - # of questions you got wrong x 0.25) For example, if you answered 34 (out of49) questions right, skipped 7, and got 8 questions wrong, your raw score would be: 34 – (8 x .25) = 34 – 2 = 32 With a raw score of 32, you can get anything from a 450 to a 630 on SAT Writing, depending on your essay score. If you stay at the same multiple-choice raw score, you'll need an essay score of 9 or above to make your target Writing score of 580. This is a tough essay score to get for anyone, especially considering the average essay score for 2015 was a 7. As you increase your multiple-choice raw score, the essay score needed to get your target score will drop. To use the example from before, if you're aiming for an SAT Writing score of 580, a realistic essay score would be a 7; according to the SAT Writing score chart above, this means you'll need to increase your raw multiple-choice score to a 37 (a far more manageable goal for most students than raising their essay scores to a 9). Actions To Take Figure out your target SAT Writing score, using the worksheet above. Use an SAT Writing scoring scale to figure out the essay grade you’ll need to shoot for to make your target SAT Writing score. Figure out how you’re doing on the Writing multiple choice questions and how much you need to improve (both on the multiple-choice questions and on the essay) to meet your SAT Writing score goal. What’s Next? Get the inside scoop on what really goes on behind the scenes with our strategies based on interviews with real essay graders. Can you write a high-scoring SAT essay in less than a page? Discover how essay length affects your score in this article. Still confused about how the SAT essay is scored? Try our article that explains the official SAT essay scoring policy and what strategies you should use to take advantage of it. Curious about how well everyone does on the SAT essay? Read our article to find out what’s an average SAT essay score. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this SAT Essay lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your SAT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 399

Assignment Example Eventually, I realized that I could competently rehearse the notations from the book to the physical environment by playing the right keys of the piano. It is apparent that playing the piano as a music instrument requires the devotion and intelligence of every participant. During the â€Å"Light Bulb† experience, one would acknowledge the essence of enforcing intellectual variations to acquaint slow learners, mid-range individuals, and the competent group with varied tasks that would ease the process of learning. The class session would evoke competence among the majority group of students if the instructor would appreciate the contribution of every student. Further, the evaluation of one’s cultural and lingual background would empower instructors with the ideal approaches in training different groups of students to emulate the ideal notations to the physical environment. The course presented different aspects of acquiring music through the workshop training sessions that were informative on different musical orientations. The unprecedented variations in playing Asian, African, and American among other social systems’ musical notations among through the piano provoked an understanding of the psychological events that revolve around a person’s mind in playing and depicting competence choreography classes of music. However, instructors should critical in predicting the extent at which a student would learn the different notations fast over another, as such would contribute to professionalism and competence in the

Afterschool programs for kids in saudi arabia Essay

Afterschool programs for kids in saudi arabia - Essay Example While education is developing in Saudi Arabia, kids still don’t have the programs that can help them discover their potential skills and talents. Most kids waste their time during after school time either watching TV or playing video games at home. Having an after school program would be a very positive addition learning in Saudi Arabia. The concept of after school programs is not well developed in Saudi Arabia with very few programs available in the kingdom. According to Hirsch (year), After school programs have shown results of improved â€Å"homework completion, better test scores, higher grades, and even better psychological development of the student†. This is the main project that I will pursue as soon as I get back home. I am going back to Saudi Arabia in July 2012. My project will commence as an after school program by September 2013. In the USA, after school programs have seen a tremendous growth in the recent decade. According to an estimate by Afterschool Alliance (2009), â€Å"at least 6 million ( eleven percent) of school-age youth regularly participated in after-school programs during School Year 2002-2003†. The numbers of after school programs participants have increased lately with about 8.4 million K†12 children (roughly fifteen-percent) attending afterschool Programs by 2009 (Afterschool Alliance, 2009). There are a many good reasons why parents want their children to attend after-school programs. Primarily, Carver and Iruka (2006) believe that these programs â€Å"provide diverse services such as academic instruction, cultural enrichment, safe places to stay, and adult supervision for children â€Å". ... TASC created a model for daily after-school programs that community organizations operate in partnership with schools, offering kids sports, arts, academic help and support for their healthy social and emotional development. TASC is dedicated to reversing that inequality and giving every student a fighting chance to succeed. Knowing that most US kids spend eighty-percent of their waking hours outside the school, TASC became determined to fill that gap with a useful activity. Since its establishment, TASC has helped 376,000 New York City kids, supported 486 New York City public schools, partnered with 328 community and cultural organizations and colleges and trained 16,000 community members to work in schools (TAC Annual Report). Education in Saudi Arabia From the time of its foundation in 1932 until now, Saudi Arabia has made tremendous progress in the field of education. In 1925, King Abdulaziz (in his capacity as the King of Najd and Hejaz – before the establishment of the K ingdom of Saudi Arabia) established â€Å"the Directorate of Education," the first formally organized educational center under the Ministry of the Interior because there was not enough qualified and educated people to establish an education department that represented what’s now known as the Ministry of Education. During its early years, Saudi Arabia made use of Egyptian assistance; however, not only as an aid for teaching by providing both the manpower as well as the knowhow . Furthermore, it has also helped subsidize the curriculum and organize the Saudi educational system. At that time, the Egyptian educational system was based on the English model; hence, it was but natural to also adopt the same educational model in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia’s first public school was

Quantitative data analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative data analysis - Assignment Example we also have 44 people in the 2 (v26) (N) and on average, they have 68 V01 with standard deviation of 28.175 v01.the last column shows the two groups Std error mean. Basing on table 2, the p value of Levenes test is .185.In this case, this p value is greater than 0.05 the alpha. Therefore, we will have to use the middle row of the output (‘labeled Equal variances assumed.’).So we will have to assume that the variances are equal and we need to use the middle row of the output. The labeled column ‘‘t’’, provides a calculated t value. In this case the t value is -3.961 assuming equal variance (the sign is ignored for two tailed t test). The labeled column df provides the degree of freedom related with the test. In this case we have 106 degrees of freedom. The labeled column sig (2 –tailed) provides p value related to the t test. In this case, the p value 0.185. The sixth step is to decide if we have to reject the null hypothesis. In this case: If p ≠¤ ÃŽ ± , then reject H0.Therefore,0.185 is not equal or less than 0.05.so we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means that we failed to observe a difference in the attitude to catalogue shopping between men and women. As shown in table 3, for each dependent variable, the output shows the sample size, minimum, maximum standard deviation, standard error and confidence interval for every independent variable level (quasi) In this case, the p value of 0.520 is greater than the 0.05; we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This means that there is limited evidence that the variances aren’t equal as well as the variance assumption homogeneity may fit. The 2 is the between groups degrees of freedom, 105 is within groups degrees of freedom,0.723 is the F ratio from the F column,0.487 is the p value and 986.098 is within groups mean square estimate of

Technical Definition and Description Assignment

Technical Definition and Description - Assignment Example â€Å"The suspension system isolates the vehicle from the shocks, bounce and vibrations due to irregularities of road surfaces. The automobile chassis is mounted on the axles through some form of springs. The spring oscillates due to the road shocks. A damper is provided with the spring to restrict the shocks. The damper is also known as shock absorber. The spring and damper collectively called a suspension system. So the suspension system acts as a filter for shocks.† (Suspension System) Very few people realize the importance of shock absorbers, shock absorbers mainly absorb the shocks produced on bumpy roads, suspension is solely responsible for controlling shock absorbers, suspension also controls the steering of a car giving the driver immaculate control. A weak suspension system can easily cause fatal accidents; suspension also controls the control arm which will be demonstrated in the following diagram. (How Car Suspension Works) Suspension system not only controls the s teering but it also controls the brake system, imagine the extent of damage a delayed brake can cause, this can easily be prevented by ensuring that the suspension system is in the best of conditions. There are several suspension kits available in the market but a lot of research is required before buying one. This again goes to show the importance of a suspension system. It is extremely important to regularly maintain a suspension system; a good suspension system makes road bumps and discomfort easier to deal with. A car with a poor suspension system will experience wear and tear much faster than a car with a decent suspension system. Vehicle noise is another factor which troubles several drivers; this again can be prevented by taking care of the suspension system. A car which has a lack of adequate shock absorbers will automatically start making irritating noises, a good suspension system will prevent all these problems from occurring, it will also prevent the unnecessary wear and tear of vehicle tires. To understand how a suspension system works it is extremely important to understand vehicle dynamics, magnitude, direction and vertical acceleration are three very important concepts, we would not require suspension should the roads be absolutely flat but roads these days are anything but flat. A small bump on the road is more than enough to cause fatal accidents; the following diagram will explain how the whole suspension system works. (How Car Suspensions Work) Road isolation allows the driver to driver smoothly even on rough roads, the energy on the roads is absorbed without causing much oscillation, road holding is another very important function, road holding ensures that there is contact of the tires with the road which is very important. The weight of the vehicle is minimized from side to side, so road holding is also very important. Cornering is the next important concept under suspension, it is important to know how a vehicle travels on a curved path , a centrifugal force directly acts upon the center of gravity of a car allowing it to travel on curved paths, the main goal of cornering is to shift the weight of the vehicle so that it can easily move on curved paths, all these important aspects are a part of

Pancreatitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pancreatitis - Essay Example In serious cases, acute pancreatitis leads to bleeding into glands as well as tissue damage. It leads also not only to cyst formation, but also to infection. Severe pancreatitis has also the potential of harming other essential organs like the heart, kidneys and lungs. According to Digestive Disorders Health Center, â€Å"chronic pancreatitis is long-lasting inflammation of the pancreas† (Digestive Disorders Health Center 1). In most occasions it results from acute pancreatitis. Heavy consumption of alcohol has also been associated with its causation. Damage to the pancreas as a result of heavy consumption of alcohol occasionally leads to no symptoms for many years. However, the victim of heavy consumption of alcohol may develop serious pancreatic symptoms. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis include nausea and vomiting, fever, and increased heart rate. The disease also leads to upper abdominal pain that spreads to the back as well as swollen and tender abdomen. The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis include all symptoms of acute pancreatitis in addition to weight loss as a result of malabsorption and diabetes if the cells involved in producing insulin are destroyed (Buchler 108). Treatment for acute pancreatitis obliges one to spend some days in hospital in order to access intravenous (IV) fluids, medication for relieving pain, and antibiotics. During the healing process, an individual is required not to eat in order to allow the pancreas to rest. Performance of Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography aid in the healing of chronic pancreatitis; it enhances the admission of sphincterotomy, gallstone removal, stent placement, and balloon

Chinese Foreign Currency Reserves Swell by Record Amount Article

Chinese Foreign Currency Reserves Swell by Record Amount - Article Example This article tries to raise public alarm over the swelling foreign exchange reserve levels of China and how this contributes to the country’s â€Å"worsening inflation problem† (Bradsher, 2011). This has to do with its effect on the renminbi’s exchange rate vis a vis the US dollar.   A high level of reserves causes the renminbi to appreciate against the dollar.   The problem is this will make China’s substantial exports more expensive; thus, losing its competitive advantage.  Ã‚   This then could lead to the loss of jobs by millions of people working in the export industry.   This led to China’s central bank’s decision to keep the value of its currency low.   To do this, it prints renminbi at a â€Å"furious pace in order to buy the dollars and euros† that come in through trade surpluses and foreign investment (Bradsher, 2011).   However, this spawns another problem.   The additional renminbi issued causes the money suppl y in the country to rise even further.   What was not discussed in the article is the direct impact of the level of money supply on inflation.   A high level of money supply circulating in the economy causes aggregate demand to rise.   This increased demand for goods and services is what pushes general prices to go up. Looking at China’s foreign reserve levels, in the third quarter of 2010, it increased by $194 million.   In the fourth quarter, it jumped by $199 million to raise the total to $2.85 trillion.   This increase was much larger than what economists had expected.   During this time, China â€Å"doubled its intervention in the currency markets to about $2 billion a day† (Bradsher, 2011).   And so, the country’s money supply was 19.7 percent higher in December than a year earlier. The increase in money supply though is not solely due to the central bank’s efforts to keep the value of the renminbi in check.   Banking loans have also risen and measures taken by the central bank to slow down lending, primarily by increasing bank reserve requirements have proven to be ineffective.

Pancreatitis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Pancreatitis - Essay Example In serious cases, acute pancreatitis leads to bleeding into glands as well as tissue damage. It leads also not only to cyst formation, but also to infection. Severe pancreatitis has also the potential of harming other essential organs like the heart, kidneys and lungs. According to Digestive Disorders Health Center, â€Å"chronic pancreatitis is long-lasting inflammation of the pancreas† (Digestive Disorders Health Center 1). In most occasions it results from acute pancreatitis. Heavy consumption of alcohol has also been associated with its causation. Damage to the pancreas as a result of heavy consumption of alcohol occasionally leads to no symptoms for many years. However, the victim of heavy consumption of alcohol may develop serious pancreatic symptoms. Symptoms of acute pancreatitis include nausea and vomiting, fever, and increased heart rate. The disease also leads to upper abdominal pain that spreads to the back as well as swollen and tender abdomen. The symptoms of chronic pancreatitis include all symptoms of acute pancreatitis in addition to weight loss as a result of malabsorption and diabetes if the cells involved in producing insulin are destroyed (Buchler 108). Treatment for acute pancreatitis obliges one to spend some days in hospital in order to access intravenous (IV) fluids, medication for relieving pain, and antibiotics. During the healing process, an individual is required not to eat in order to allow the pancreas to rest. Performance of Therapeutic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography aid in the healing of chronic pancreatitis; it enhances the admission of sphincterotomy, gallstone removal, stent placement, and balloon